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AcronymW Definition
HPLW higher plant leaf wax
HPLW Honors Program in Law
HPLW High Performance LAN and WAN
HPLW Healthy Program Light Weight
HPLW High Performance Light Water
HPLW High Performance Light Weight
HPLW HPLW Hackley Public Library (Muskegon, MI, USA) West
HPLW Hamilton Public Library (Ontario, Canada) West
HPLW Hekemian Programming Language West
HPLW Hewlett Packard Laboratories West
HPLW High Performance Lane (bowling) West
HPLW High Performance Leadership (Toastmasters Program) Work
HPLW High Pressure Laminate Window
HPLW High Priority List Win
HPLW High-Level Programming Language Work
HPLW Home-Phone LAN Won
HPLW Horn Point Laboratory West
HPLW Hotels Properties Limited West
HPLW Howard Philip Lovecraft (writer) Wife
HPLW Human Pancreatic Lipase West
HPLW Human Performance Laboratory West
HPLW Hyperlipidemia Woman
hPLW Human Placental Lactogen Wire
HPLW Home of Palau (ISO Country code)
HPLW Home of Palu, Indonesia - Mutiara (Airport Code)
HPLW Home of Permutation with Limited Wavelengths
HPLW Home of Power League Wrestling
HPLW High Performance LAN and WAN
“LAN” redirects here. For other uses, see LAN (disambiguation).
Enlarge picture
Local area network scheme
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small geographic
area, like a home, office, or group of buildings. The defining characteristics
of LANs, in contrast to Wide Area Networks (WANs), include their much higher
data transfer rates, smaller geographic range, and lack of a need for leased
telecommunication lines.
Ethernet over unshielded twisted pair cabling, and Wi-Fi are the two most common
technologies currently, but ARCNET, Token Ring and many others have been used in
the past.
History
In the days before personal computers, a site might have just one central
computer, with users accessing this via computer terminals over simple low-speed
cabling. Networks such as IBM's SNA (Systems Network Architecture) were aimed at
linking terminals or other mainframes at remote sites over leased lines—hence
these were wide area networks.
The first LANs were created in the late 1970s and used to create high-speed
links between several large central computers at one site. Of many competing
systems created at this time, Ethernet and ARCNET were the most popular.
The development and proliferation of CP/M and then DOS-based personal computers
meant that a single site began to have dozens or even hundreds of computers. The
initial attraction of networking these was generally to share disk space and
laser printers, which were both very expensive at the time. There was much
enthusiasm for the concept and for several years, from about 1983 onward,
computer industry pundits would regularly declare the coming year to be “the
year of the LAN”.
In reality, the concept was marred by proliferation of incompatible physical
layer and network protocol implementations, and confusion over how best to share
resources. Typically, each vendor would have its own type of network card,
cabling, protocol, and network operating system. A solution appeared with the
advent of Novell NetWare which provided even-handed support for the 40 or so
competing card/cable types, and a much more sophisticated operating system than
most of its competitors. Netware dominated[1] the personal computer LAN business
from early after its introduction in 1983 until the mid 1990s when Microsoft
introduced Windows NT Advanced Server and Windows for Workgroups.
Of the competitors to NetWare, only Banyan Vines had comparable technical
strengths, but Banyan never gained a secure base. Microsoft and 3Com worked
together to create a simple network operating system which formed the base of
3Com's 3+Share, Microsoft's LAN Manager and IBM's LAN Server. None of these were
particularly successful.
In this same timeframe, Unix computer workstations from vendors such as Sun
Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, Silicon Graphics, Intergraph, NeXT and Apollo
were using TCP/IP based networking. Although this market segment is now much
reduced, the technologies developed in this area continue to be influential on
the Internet and in both Linux and Apple Mac OS X networking—and the TCP/IP
protocol has now almost completely replaced IPX, AppleTalk, NBF and other
protocols used by the early PC LANs.
Technical aspects
Although switched Ethernet is now the most common data link layer protocol and
IP as a network layer protocol, many different options have been used, and some
continue to be popular in niche areas. Smaller LANs generally consist of a one
or more switches linked to each other - often with one connected to a router,
cable modem, or DSL modem for Internet access.
Larger LANs are characterized by their use of redundant links with switches
using the spanning tree protocol to prevent loops, their ability to manage
differing traffic types via quality of service, and to segregate traffic via
VLANing.
LANs may have connections with other LANs via leased lines, leased services, or
by 'tunneling' across the Internet using VPN technologies.
Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e.,
any network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national
boundaries [1]). Or, less formally, a network that uses routers and public
communications links [1]. Contrast with personal area networks (PANs), local
area networks (LANs), campus area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area networks
(MANs) which are usually limited to a room, building, campus or specific
metropolitan area (e.g., a city) respectively. The largest and most well-known
example of a WAN is the Internet.
WANs are used to connect LANs and other types of networks together, so that
users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in
other locations. Many WANs are built for one particular organization and are
private. Others, built by Internet service providers, provide connections from
an organization's LAN to the Internet. WANs are often built using leased lines.
At each end of the leased line, a router connects to the LAN on one side and a
hub within the WAN on the other. Leased lines can be very expensive. Instead of
using leased lines, WANs can also be built using less costly circuit switching
or packet switching methods. Network protocols including TCP/IP deliver
transport and addressing functions. Protocols including Packet over SONET/SDH,
MPLS, ATM and Frame relay are often used by service providers to deliver the
links that are used in WANs. X.25 was an important early WANSACHMO protocol, and
is often considered to be the "grandfather" of Frame Relay as many of the
underlying protocols and functions of X.25 are still in use today (with
upgrades) by Frame Relay.
Academic research into wide area networks can be broken down into three areas:
Mathematical models, network emulation and network simulation.
Performance improvements are sometimes delivered via WAFS or WAN Optimization.
RuneScape has often been one of
the top massive online role playing games. It is a unique game. But, with a
unique game, comes unique players. Players get bored, and then try to develop
cheats....autos or bots that will help them achieve success in their beloved
games of Runescape 2.
RuneScape is a virtual world which
is divided into two part: Members Areas and Non-Members areas. People who pay to
play (p2p), receive access to the special areas. They also have access to the
free areas. The members' places are much larger, offer "better" items for the
gameplay of rs2, and much, much more. The character that you create when you
first start playing runescape, moves around the game on foot; either by running,
or walking. Players are challenged to their utmost skills by fighting new
monsters, completing difficult quests, and manipulating marketing. As Runescape
2 is an RPG (Role playing game), there is no set path a person must take to play
rs. They can choose what to do, and when, whether it be training their
money-making skills, or fighting another player. Players usually interact with
each other by chatting through public chat, or private chat.Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and More IJFG.COM IJFG.com
was a runescape 2 based site. They have now, however, taken another look....
Of
course the king of all game cheating websites is
trick the trik (otherwise known as RPG Cheats Site), where you can find
cheat forums, mmorpg topsite, arcade games and any mmo game related topics.
The master of massive multiplayer
online role-playing games (MMORPG) cheats can be found at Trik.com
Trik.com; this site is one of the best today. The forum section,
Trik.com forum, originally came from IJFG.com (Internet Junction For
Gamers) , which was one of the best websites that discussed various gamers'
issues. The full name was Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and
More. This site had Jokes, Pranks, RuneScape and other cool games. RuneScape is
set in a medieval fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or "EverQuest," where
players control character representations of themselves. As with most MMORPG,
there is no overall objective or end to the game. Players explore, form
alliances, perform optional tasks, and complete quests for rewards and to build
characters' skills.
Trik.com continues IJFG.com's
success, but Trik.com has more to offer. Trik Topsite can be found at
Trik Topsite; the TopSite is a great addition if you want to find the best
MMO RPG site(s) or raise your site in the rankings. Trik.com also has a
viciously competitive Arcade. If you want to be the #1 Arcade on Trik, then come
prove yourself at Trik.com arcade:
Trik arcade. Trik.com – Trik.com/topsite – Trik.com/forum/arcade.php
With the rising popularity of
commercial MMORPG games came the desire from ardent players of these games to
run their own servers beside the ones run by the game's creator. Since the
original server software is not usually available, the behavior of the server
has to be re-engineered. This can be done by analyzing the data stream with the
original server, or by disassembling and analyzing the client which is
available.
Ultima Online was one of the first
large MMORPGs. Due to its openness in implementation, server emulators arose
very quickly, even during the beta stage of development. The destination to
which the client connects was changeable by simply editing a text file. In beta
stage the client-server data stream was not encrypted yet. The term server
emulator became known through Ultima Online server reimplementation such as UOX,
which was the pioneer. Many forks and reimplementations followed UOX, because
its source code was released under the GNU General Public License relatively
early. RunUO is today the most widely used UO-server emulator. After RuneScape
implemented anti-cheating measures, many gamers left and started their own
private servers. The best place to discuss the private server is at
Trik- The Master of Private Server.
Another useful site is
Rune Web ruwb.com . This site is about more serious RuneScape gold trading,
account exchange, gold for real life cash and many services. It includes tips on
how to avoid getting lured/scammed while using the marketplace. For programming,
visual basics, java, C/C++, scar and all other languages such as PHP, HTML, ASP,
Delphi. There are also sections for graphics talents, plus many cool videos and
fun stuff.
A defining moment in internet
gaming history was when a group of gamers called (hygo 7) decided to start an
ultimate game forum, which they named
hygo.com. It has the best financial backing, the friendliest game community,
and the highest quality of information. Currently Hygo.com has entered a new
phase...Hygo.com is offering the best private server game. With thousands of
members, Hygo.com is your next place to visit, as they have an amazing game with
a community and economy.
Hygo.com - The Online Adventure Game. is definitely one of the top sites you want to join right
now!
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